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He is commonly known as the King of Soul for his distinctive vocal abilities and influence on the modern world of music. His pioneering contributions to soul music led to the rise of Aretha Franklin, Bobby Womack, Al Green, Curtis Mayfield, Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, Billy Preston and popularized the likes of Otis Redding and James Brown.[5][6][7]
Cooke had 30 U.S. top 40 hits between 1957 and 1964, and a further three after his death. Major hits like "You Send Me", "A Change Is Gonna Come", "Cupid", "Chain Gang", "Wonderful World", and "Twistin' the Night Away" are some of his most popular songs. Cooke was also among the first modern black performers and composers to attend to the business side of his musical career. He founded both a record label and a publishing company as an extension of his careers as a singer and composer. He also took an active part in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.[8]
On December 11, 1964, Cooke was fatally shot by the manager of the Hacienda Motel in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 33. At the time, the courts ruled that Cooke was drunk and distressed, and that the manager had killed Cooke in what was later ruled a justifiable homicide. Since that time, the circumstances of his death have been widely questioned.
| Sam Cooke | |
|---|---|
Sam Cooke
|
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Samuel Cook[1] |
| Also known as | Dale Cook |
| Born | January 22, 1931 Clarksdale, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Origin | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | December 11, 1964 (aged 33) Los Angeles, California, U.S. Interred: Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California |
| Genres | R&B, soul, gospel, pop, jazz[2] |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, entrepreneur |
| Instruments | Vocals, piano, guitar |
| Years active | 1951[3]–1964 |
| Labels | Specialty, Keen, RCA |
| Associated acts | The Singing Children, The Highway Q.C.'s, The Soul Stirrers, J. W. Alexander, Lou Rawls, Bobby Womack |
Early life and career
He had a brother, L.C., who some years later would become a member of the doo-wop band Johnny Keyes and the Magnificents.
The family moved to Chicago in 1933. Cooke attended Wendell Phillips Academy High School in Chicago, the same school that Nat "King" Cole had attended a few years earlier.[9] Sam Cooke began his career with his siblings in a group called The Singing Children when he was nine.
He first became known as lead singer with the Highway QC's as a teenager joining at the age of 14. Soon after graduating high school, Cooke was offered the opportunity to join The Soul Stirrers and hone his musical abilities.[citation needed]
In 1950, Cooke replaced gospel tenor R.H. Harris as lead singer of the gospel group The Soul Stirrers, founded by Harris. Under Cooke's leadership, the group signed with Specialty Records where their first recording was for the song "Jesus Gave Me Water" in 1951.
They also recorded other gospel tracks, such as "Peace in the Valley", "How Far Am I From Canaan?", "Jesus Paid the Debt", and "One More River", among many other gospel songs some of which he wrote himself.[3]
Cooke was often credited for bringing gospel music to the attention of a younger crowd of listeners, mainly girls who would rush to the stage when the Soul Stirrers hit the stage just to get a glimpse of Cooke.[10]
Death
Cooke died at the age of 33 on December 11, 1964, at the Hacienda Motel
at 9137 South Figueroa Street in Los Angeles, California.
Answering
separate reports of a shooting and of a kidnapping at the motel, police
found Cooke's body, clad only in a sports jacket and shoes but no shirt,
pants or underwear.
He had sustained a gunshot wound to the chest, with
it later determined that the bullet had pierced his heart.[16][17]
The motel's manager reported that she had shot Cooke in self-defense
after he broke into her office residence and attacked her. However, the
details of the case involving Cooke's death have remained in dispute.
Posthumous honors
- In 1986, Cooke was inducted as a charter member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[32]
- In 1999, Cooke was honored with the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and in 2004, Rolling Stone ranked him #16 on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time".[33] [34]
- In 2008, Cooke was named the fourth "Greatest Singer of All Time" by Rolling Stone.[35]
- In June 2011, the City of Chicago renamed a portion of East 36th Street near Cottage Grove Avenue as the honorary "Sam Cooke Way" to remember the singer near a corner where he hung out and sang as a teenager.[36]
Source: Wikipedia
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